136 – 210: Compute, Storage, Database, Analytics, AI
- EC2 Instance Families – General (t), Compute (c), Memory (r/x), Storage (i), GPU (g/p).
- EC2 Instance Types Naming – Example: m5.large → m = family, 5 = generation, large = size.
- Spot Fleet – Group of spot instances for cost optimization.
- Placement Groups – Cluster, Partition, Spread (HPC & big workloads).
- Amazon Fargate – Serverless containers; no EC2 management.
- ECS (Elastic Container Service) – Container orchestration (AWS-native, cheaper).
- EKS (Elastic Kubernetes Service) – Managed Kubernetes (heavy workloads).
- ECS Anywhere – Run ECS on on-prem or hybrid.
- Firecracker MicroVM – Technology behind Lambda & Fargate.
- Lambda Layers – Share common code/resources across Lambda functions.
- Lambda Provisioned Concurrency – Zero cold start.
- Lambda Execution Role – Permissions function needs to access AWS resources.
- Lambda Function Timeout – Max 15 minutes.
- AWS Batch Compute Environments – Automate batch workloads on EC2/Spot/Fargate.
- Amazon Lightsail Containers – Simple container hosting.
- Spot Blocks – Spot instances with guaranteed run time.
- AMI (Amazon Machine Image) – Blueprint for EC2 instances.
- Elastic GPU – Attach GPU to EC2.
- EC2 Hibernate – Preserves RAM to EBS.
- ENI (Elastic Network Interface) – Multiple IPs, network cards.
- EC2 Instance Metadata v2 – IMDSv2 more secure (mandatory in exam).
- Instance Store – Temporary storage, data lost on stop/terminate.
- Capacity Reservations – Guarantee EC2 capacity for a period.
- EC2 Dedicated Host – Physical server fully dedicated to you.
- EC2 Dedicated Instance – Runs on hardware not shared with other accounts.
- S3 Access Points – Custom access paths for apps.
- S3 Inventory – Report of objects & metadata.
- S3 Object ACLs – Legacy permissions (discouraged, but exam asks).
- S3 Block Public Access – Account-level public block.
- S3 Bucket Policy – JSON resource-based permission.
- S3 CORS – Cross-domain access configuration.
- S3 Select – Query a subset of S3 object.
- S3 Multi-Part Upload – Recommended for >100MB objects.
- S3 Transfer Acceleration – Speeds uploads using CloudFront edge locations.
- S3 Intelligent-Tiering – Automatically moves objects for cost saving.
- S3 Requester Pays – Requester pays for download.
- EFS Throughput Modes – Bursting, Provisioned.
- EFS Storage Classes – Standard, Infrequent Access (IA).
- EBS Volume Types – gp3, io2, sc1, st1.
- EBS Multi-Attach – Attach to multiple EC2 at the same time.
- EBS Snapshots Archive – Cheaper archival storage.
- EBS Fast Snapshot Restore – High-performance restore.
- AWS Storage Gateway Types – File, Volume, Tape.
- AWS Snowball Edge Compute – Includes GPU, compute power.
- AWS DataSync – Automated large-scale data transfer.
- AWS Transfer Family – Managed SFTP/FTP/FTPS.
- AWS Backup Policies – Backup plans, vaults, schedules.
- Glacier Retrieval Classes – Expedited, Standard, Bulk.
- S3 Lifecycle Policies – Automate class transitions + deletion.
- AWS EFS One-Zone – Cheaper but less durable.
- RDS Multi-AZ Failover – Automatic standby failover.
- RDS Read Replicas – Read scaling.
- RDS Automated Backups – Point-in-time recovery.
- Aurora Global Database – Lag < 1 second between regions.
- DynamoDB Global Tables – Multi-region active-active.
- DynamoDB TTL – Automatic expiry of items.
- DynamoDB Streams – Change data capture for Lambda.
- DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX) – In-memory cache for Dynamo.
- ElastiCache Redis – Sub-millisecond caching.
- OpenSearch Dashboards – Visualization tool (Kibana alternative).
- Athena Federated Query – Query other sources beyond S3.
- Glue Crawlers – Scan data & generate schema.
- Glue Jobs – ETL pipelines.
- Kinesis Analytics – Real-time SQL analytics on streaming data.
- Kinesis Shards – Unit of capacity for streams.
- Redshift Concurrency Scaling – Handles spike workloads.
- Redshift RA3 Nodes – Managed storage.
- EMR Serverless – No cluster management.
- EMR Notebooks – Data exploration with Jupyter.
- SageMaker Ground Truth – Labeling tool for ML data.
- SageMaker Studio – IDE for ML model lifecycle.
- Transcribe – Speech-to-text.
- Translate – Language translation.
- Comprehend – NLP sentiment analysis.
- Forecast – Time-series forecasting using ML.
🔥 SET-9 (25 Points) – Developer Tools, DevOps, Monitoring, Cost, Support
- CloudFormation Drift Detection – Checks differences between stack & deployed resources.
- CloudFormation Change Sets – Preview changes before applying.
- CDK (Cloud Development Kit) – Define infra using Python/TS/Java.
- Elastic Beanstalk Health Monitoring – Green / Yellow / Red indicators.
- AWS SAM CLI – Test Lambda / APIs locally.
- CodeStar – Unified DevOps project setup.
- CodeArtifact – Package dependency management (npm / pypi / maven).
- CodeGuru Reviewer – AI code review.
- CodeGuru Profiler – Detects performance bottlenecks.
- CloudWatch Events – Deprecated → EventBridge.
- CloudWatch Logs Insights – Query logs using SQL-like syntax.
- CloudWatch Metrics Resolution – Standard: 1 min | High-resolution: 1–30 sec.
- CloudWatch Embedded Metric Format – Send custom metrics.
- CloudTrail Insights – Detect unusual API activity.
- AWS Health API – Programmatic health alerts.
- AWS Service Quotas – Manage & request service limit increases.
- Cost Categories – Group cost data logically.
- Reservation Utilization Report – See how RIs are used.
- Savings Plans Utilization – Commitment utilization tracking.
- AWS Marketplace Metering – Pay-as-you-go software usage.
- AWS Concierge Support – Enterprise-only cost help.
- TAM (Technical Account Manager) – Enterprise support engineer.
- AWS Abuse Team – Report spam / misuse.
- AWS Penetration Testing Rules – Allow list for pentesting EC2.
- Well-Architected Tool – Checks workloads against AWS 5 pillars.
